前言在Android开发中我们可能会有延时执行某个操作的需求,例如我们启动应用的时候,一开始呈现的是一个引导页面,过了两三秒后,会自动跳转到主界面。这就是一个延时操作。
而写这篇文章的目的,是看到群里有人在实现延迟的时候,用如下的第四种方法,个人感觉有点不妥,为了防止更多的人有这种想法,所以自己抽空深入分析,就分析的结果,写下此文,希望对部分人有启示作用。
1.实现延迟的几种方法?
答:
1.java.util.Timer类的:
public void schedule(TimerTask task, long delay) {if (delay < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative delay.");sched(task, System.currentTimeMillis()+delay, 0);}
2.android.os.Handler类:
public final boolean postDelayed(Runnable r, long delayMillis){return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), delayMillis);}
3.android.app.AlarmManager类:
@SystemApi@RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS) public void set(@AlarmType int type, long triggerAtMillis, long windowMillis,long intervalMillis, OnAlarmListener listener, Handler targetHandler,WorkSource workSource) {setImpl(type, triggerAtMillis, windowMillis, intervalMillis, 0, null, listener, null,targetHandler, workSource, null);}4.Thread.sleep()然后在一定时间之后再执行想执行的代码:new Thread(new Runnable(){Thead.sleep(4*1000);doTask();}).start()
2.他们的各自的实现原理?
答:
1.Timer的实现,是通过内部开启一个TimerThread:
private void mainLoop() {while (true) {try {TimerTask task;boolean taskFired;synchronized(queue) {// Wait for queue to become non-empty while (queue.isEmpty() && newTasksMayBeScheduled) queue.wait();if (queue.isEmpty()) break; // Queue is empty and will forever remain; die
// Queue nonempty; look at first evt and do the right thing long currentTime, executionTime;task = queue.getMin();synchronized(task.lock) {if (task.state == TimerTask.CANCELLED) {queue.removeMin();continue; // No action required, poll queue again}currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();executionTime = task.nextExecutionTime;if (taskFired = (executionTime<=currentTime)) {if (task.period == 0) { // Non-repeating, remove queue.removeMin();task.state = TimerTask.EXECUTED;} else { // Repeating task, reschedule queue.rescheduleMin(task.period<0 ? currentTime - task.period: executionTime + task.period);}}}if (!taskFired) // Task hasn't yet fired; wait queue.wait(executionTime - currentTime);}if (taskFired) // Task fired; run it, holding no locks task.run();} catch(InterruptedException e) {}}}是通过wait和延迟时间到达的时候,调用notify来唤起线程继续执行,这样来实现延迟的话,我们可以回开启一个新的线程,貌似为了个延迟没必要这样吧,定时,频繁执行的任务,再考虑这个吧。
2.Handler的postDelay是通过设置Message的when为delay的时间,我们知道当我们的应用开启的时候,会同步开启Looper.loop()方法循环的,不停的通过MeassgeQueue的next方法:
Message next() {......
int nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;for (;;) {if (nextPollTimeoutMillis != 0) {Binder.flushPendingCommands();}nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis);synchronized (this) {// Try to retrieve the next message. Return if found.
final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();Message prevMsg = null;Message msg = mMessages;if (msg != null && msg.target == null) {// Stalled by a barrier. Find the next asynchronous message in the queue.
do {prevMsg = msg;msg = msg.next;} while (msg != null && !msg.isAsynchronous());}if (msg != null) {if (now < msg.when) {// Next message is not ready. Set a timeout to wake up when it is ready.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE);} else {// Got a message.
mBlocked = false;if (prevMsg != null) {prevMsg.next = msg.next;} else {mMessages = msg.next;}msg.next = null;if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Returning message: " + msg);msg.markInUse();return msg;}} else {// No more messages.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1;}......
}}当我们向MessageQueue插入一条延迟的Message的时候,Looper在执行loop方法,底层会调用epoll_wait(mEpollFd, eventItems, EPOLL_MAX_EVENTS, timeoutMillis);其中的timeoutMillis参数指定了在没有事件发生的时候epoll_wait调用阻塞的毫秒数(milliseconds)。这样我们在之前的时间内这个时候阻塞了是会释放cpu的资源,等到延迟的时间到了时候,再监控到事件发生。在这里可能有人会有疑问,一直阻塞,那我接下来的消息应该怎么执行呢?
我们可以看到当我们插入消息的时候的方法:boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {if (msg.target == null) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target.");}if (msg.isInUse()) {throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use.");}synchronized (this) {if (mQuitting) {IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException(msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);msg.recycle();return false;}msg.markInUse();msg.when = when;Message p = mMessages;boolean needWake;if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {msg.next = p;mMessages = msg;needWake = mBlocked;} else {needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();Message prev;for (;;) {prev = p;p = p.next;if (p == null || when < p.when) {break;}if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {needWake = false;}}msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next prev.next = msg;}mQuitting is false.
if (needWake) {nativeWake(mPtr);}}return true;}阻塞了有两种方式唤醒,一种是超时了,一种是被主动唤醒了,在上面我们可以看到当有消息进入的时候,我们会唤醒继续执行,所以我们的即时消息在延迟消息之后插入是没有关系的。然后在延迟时间到了的时候,我们也会被唤醒,执行对应的消息send,以达到延迟时间执行某个任务的目的。
优势:这种延迟在阻塞的时候,是会释放cpu的锁,不会过多地占用cpu的资源。
3.AlarmManager的延迟的实现原理,是通过一个AlarmManager的set方法:
IAlarmManager mService.set(mPackageName, type, triggerAtMillis, windowMillis, intervalMillis, flags,operation, recipientWrapper, listenerTag, workSource, alarmClock);这里是通过aidl与AlarmManagerService的所在进程进行通信,具体的实现是在AlarmManagerService类里面:private final IBinder mService = new IAlarmManager.Stub() {@Override public void set(String callingPackage,int type, long triggerAtTime, long windowLength, long interval, int flags,PendingIntent operation, IAlarmListener directReceiver, String listenerTag,WorkSource workSource, AlarmManager.AlarmClockInfo alarmClock) {final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();if (interval != 0) {if (directReceiver != null) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Repeating alarms cannot use AlarmReceivers");}}if (workSource != null) {getContext().enforcePermission(android.Manifest.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS,Binder.getCallingPid(), callingUid, "AlarmManager.set");}// No incoming callers can request either WAKE_FROM_IDLE or// ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_UNRESTRICTED -- we will apply those later as appropriate.
flags &= ~(AlarmManager.FLAG_WAKE_FROM_IDLE| AlarmManager.FLAG_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_UNRESTRICTED);// Only the system can use FLAG_IDLE_UNTIL -- this is used to tell the alarm// manager when to come out of idle mode, which is only for DeviceIdleController.
if (callingUid != Process.SYSTEM_UID) {flags &= ~AlarmManager.FLAG_IDLE_UNTIL;}
if (windowLength == AlarmManager.WINDOW_EXACT) {flags |= AlarmManager.FLAG_STANDALONE;}if (alarmClock != null) {flags |= AlarmManager.FLAG_WAKE_FROM_IDLE | AlarmManager.FLAG_STANDALONE;} else if (workSource == null && (callingUid < Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID|| Arrays.binarySearch(mDeviceIdleUserWhitelist,UserHandle.getAppId(callingUid)) >= 0)) {flags |= AlarmManager.FLAG_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_UNRESTRICTED;flags &= ~AlarmManager.FLAG_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE;}setImpl(type, triggerAtTime, windowLength, interval, operation, directReceiver,listenerTag, flags, workSource, alarmClock, callingUid, callingPackage);}}}虽然有人觉得用AlarmManager能够在应用关闭的情况下,定时器还能再唤起,经过自己的测试,当杀掉应用程序的进程,AlarmManager的receiver也是接收不到消息的,但是我相信在这里定时器肯定是发送了,但是作为接收方的应用程序进程被杀掉了,执行不了对应的代码。不过有人也觉得AlarmManager更耗电,是因为我们执行定时任务的情况会频繁唤起cpu,但是如果只是用来只是执行延迟任务的话,个人觉得和Handler.postDelayed()相比应该也不会耗电多的。
2.在上面的第四种方法,达到的延迟会一直通过
Thread.sleep来达到延迟的话,会一直占用cpu的资源,这种方法不赞同使用。
3.总结
如上面我们看到的这样,如果是单纯的实现一个任务的延迟的话,我们可以用Handler.postDelayed()和AlarmManager.set()来实现,用(4)的方法Thread.sleep()的话,首先开启一个新的线程,然后会持有cpu的资源,用(1)的方法,Timer,会开启一个死循环的线程,这样在资源上面都有点浪费。
好了,以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对脚本之家的支持。
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